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Start of Main Content

Table of Contents

Letter to Congress

Executive Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Findings

Chapter 3: Policy Implications

Appendix A: Data on Housing Problems and Supplies of Affordable Housing

Appendix B: Glossary

Appendix C: Changes in the 1997 American Housing Survey and Their Impacts on Estimates of Worst Case Needs

Appendix D: Procedures Used to Estimate Housing Needs and Rental Affordability From American Housing Survey Data

Exhibits

Exhibit 1: Changes in the 1997 American Housing Survey Affecting Estimates of Worst Case Needs
Exhibit 2: Income Categories Used in Housing Programs
Exhibit 3: Extremely Low, Very Low, and Low Income: Examples for Nine Metropolitan Areas of HUD's 1999 Section 8 Income Limits for Four-Person Households
Exhibit 4: Housing Assistance and Affordable Housing Programs
Exhibit 5: Income Targeting for Federal Housing Assistance: Recent Changes
Exhibit 6: Household-Level Data From HUD Programs
Exhibit 7: Severe Rent Burdens Are by Far the Most Common Problem Among Families with Worst Case Needs
Exhibit 8: Between 1991 and 1997, Worst Case Needs Rose from 4.8 Million to a Record High of 5.4 Million Households
Exhibit 9: The Number With Worst Case Needs Rose Because More Families Paid More than Half of Their Income for Rent
Exhibit 10: Between 1991 and 1997, Growth in Worst Case Needs Was Highest Among Working Families with Children
Exhibit 11: Increasing Numbers of Extremely-Low-Income Families with Children Are Working
Exhibit 12: More Than 2 Million Unassisted Working Renters with Worst Case Needs Have Extremely Low Incomes
Exhibit 13: The Supply of Rental Units Affordable to Extremely-Low-Income Families Continues to Shrink
Exhibit 14: The Mismatch Between Extremely-Low-Income Renters and Units Both Affordable and Available to Them Is Worse and Widening Even Faster
Exhibit 15: Rental Units Affordable to Very-Low-Income Families Grew Again to Offset Some of Earlier Loss
Exhibit 16: Priority Problems Became More Concentrated Among Extremely-Low-Income Renters During the 1990s
Exhibit 17: Renters with Income Below 30 Percent of Median, Especially Those with Income Below 20 Percent of Median, Are the Only Income Groups Likely to Have Severe Housing Problems
Exhibit 18: Rental Housing Assistance Programs Are Well Targeted to the Extremely-Low-Income Groups Most Likely to Have Priority Problems
Exhibit 19: Many Assisted Families Have Earnings as Their Primary Source of Income
Exhibit 20: Growth in Worst Case Needs During the 1990s was Highest Among Hispanics and Blacks
Exhibit 21: Very-Low-Income Renters Are Most Likely to Have Worst Case Problems in the Suburbs and Least Likely to Receive Assistance There
Exhibit 22: Losses in Units Affordable to Extremely-Low-Income Renters Were Greatest in the Suburbs, Both Absolutely and Relatively
Exhibit 23: Growth in Worst Case Needs Was Below Average for Household Types More Likely to Be Assisted
Exhibit 24: During the 1990s, Worst Case Needs Were Most Likely in the West, But They Grew Most Quickly in the Northeast
Exhibit 25: Mismatches Between Extremely-Low-Income Renters and Available Rental Units They Can Afford Are Greatest in the West, But Worsening Everywhere
Exhibit 26: For Families Who Need to Move, Using Tenant-Based Assistance Became Easier in Each Region Between 1991 and 1997
Exhibit 27: Between 1995 and 1997, There Was an Alarming Rise in the Number of Very-Low-Income Renters Paying More Than Half of Their Income for Rent
Exhibit 28: New Units of Federal Rental Assistance Have Been Minimal in Recent Years
Order the Report


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