4
 Homeless Assistance Programs

Location of Homeless Assistance Programs

About half (49 percent) of all homeless assistance programs are found in central cities. Rural communities offer the next largest share of programs (32 percent), and suburban/urban fringe communities offer the smallest share of programs (19 percent) (figure 4.11). However, because central city programs serve more clients, on average, a larger share of program contacts happen in central cities (57 percent) than in suburban and rural areas (20 and 23 percent of all program contacts, respectively).3

Figure 4.10

Central city, suburban, and rural locations also vary considerably in terms of which programs report the most contacts. Food programs report the most contacts in both central cities and suburban areas (57 and 65 percent of program contacts in those areas, respectively), while in rural areas food program contacts comprise only 31 percent of program contacts (figure 4.12). The share of program contacts that occur in shelter/housing programs are similar for central city and suburban areas (23 and 21 percent, respectively), but are only 11 percent of contacts in rural areas. In contrast, contacts with "other" programs predominate in rural areas (50 percent of contacts), but make up only 16 percent of contacts in central cities and 11 percent of contacts in suburban areas.

Table 4.1
Shelter/Housing Utilization and Information on Turnways
  Programs Serving Families with Children (69 percent of all shelter/housing programs) Programs Serving Single Adults (78 percent of all shelter/housing programs)
Occupancy
Percent occupied in the winter 77(%) 76(%)
Percent occupied in the spring 73 69
Percent occupied in the summer 73 67
Percent occupied in the autumn 73 69
Reasons for Operating at Less Than Full Capacity
Never less than full 26 20
Of remainder, percent citing:a
Decline in need 35 40
Sesonal changes 32 35
Change in program criteria 5 3
New facilities added elsewhere 3 4
Economic/job market changes 11 11
Change in program funding or capacity 10 9
People did not meet program criteria/restricitons 32 34
Other 23 19

Source: Urban Institute analysis of 1996 NSHAPC mail survey data.
aPrograms could give more than one reason.



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Homelessness: Programs and the People They ServeDecember 1999