National Atlanta MSA Austin MSA Baltimore MSA Birmingham MSA Chicago MSA Dayton-Springfield MSA Denver MSA Detroit MSA Houston MSA Los Angeles MSA Macon/Warner/Robins MSA Miami MSA New Orleans MSA New York MSA Orlando MSA Philadelphia MSA Pittsburgh MSA Washington, DC MSA State of Alabama State of California State of Georgia State of New York
Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental Black/White Rental
Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters: Consistent adverse treatment against black renters:
21.6 percent 30.9 percent 27.5 percent 17.1 percent 28.6 percent 13.8 percent 24.3 percent 19.4 percent 13.6 percent 18.6 percent 21.7 percent 17.4 percent 20.3 percent 29.4 percent 20 percent 26.4 percent 24.7 percent 16.5 percent 16.2 percent 21.8 percent 20.4 percent 26.2 percent 21.3 percent
(+/- 2.0 percent; N=1,152) (+/- 8.0; N = 90) (+/- 8.8; N=69) (+/- 7.3; N=71) (+/- 8.4; N=77) (+/- 6.7; N=72) (+/- 8.4; N=70) (+/- 7.6; N=72) (+/- 6.9; N=66) (+/- 7.6; N=70) (+/- 8.1; N=69) (+/- 7.5; N=69) (+/-7.7 ; N=74) (+/- 9.1; N=68) (+/- 7.2; N=83) (+/- 8.5; N=72) (+/- 8.3; N=73) (+/- 6.8; N=79) (+/- 7.0; N=74) (+/- 5.1; N=175) (+/- 4.6; N=202) (+/- 4.6; N=242) (+/- 5.2; N=165)
Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective black renters relative to whites:
                                             
Availability: Blacks were less likely to be told the advertised unit was available than similarly qualified whites Cost: Blacks were more likely to be quoted higher rents than similarly qualified whites for same unit Availability: Blacks were less likely to be told that similar units were available than white renters. No individual measure was statistically significant. Inspection: Blacks were less likely to be able to inspect the advertised unit compared to whites.  No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. Availability:Blacks were less likely to be recommended more units than white renters. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. Availability: Blacks were less likely to be told the advertised unit was available than similarly qualified whites No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. Availability. Blacks were more likely to be recommended less units than whites. Availability. Blacks were less likely to be told the advertised unit was available than whites. Availability. Blacks were more likely to be recommended less units than whites. No individual measure was statistically significant.
                                             
Availability: Blacks were more often recommended less units than whites Cost: Blacks were less likely to be offered rental incentives than similarly qualified white home seekers Availability: Blacks were less likely to be recommended about other units than white renters.                                 Inspection: Blacks were less likely to be able to inspect the advertised or similar units compared to whites.  Availability. Blacks were more likely to be recommended less units than whites. Inspection. Blacks were less likely to inspect the advertised unit than whites.  
                                             
Inspection: Blacks were less likely to be able to inspect the advertised unit than similarly qualified whites                                     Inspection: Blacks were less likely to inspect as many units as compared to whites.   Inspection. Blacks were less likely to inspect as many units as whites.  
                                             
Inspection: Blacks were more likely to be offered less units to inspect than whites                                         Cost. Blacks were more likely to be quoted a higher rent  and less likely to be offered rental incentives than whites.  
                                             
Cost: Blacks were less likely to be offered rental incentives than similarly qualified white home seekers                                         Encouragement. Blacks were more likely to be required to have a credit check before being able to see units.  
                                             
Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks: Primary types of adverse treatment against prospective white renters relative to blacks:
                                             
Cost: Blacks were less likely to be told that an application fee was required than similarly qualified whites Encouragement: Blacks were more likely to be asked to complete a rental application than similarly qualified whites No individual measure was statistically significant. Encouragement. White testers were less likely to be asked to complete an application than black testers. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. No individual measure was statistically significant. Cost. Whites were more likely to be told that an application fee was required No individual measure was statistically significant. Encouragement: Whites were more likely to be required to have a credit check before being shown units. Encouragement: Whites were more likely to be told an application fee was required. Encouragement.  Whites were less likely to be asked to complete an application than blacks. Cost. Whites were more often quoted a higher rent than blacks.