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Exhibit 3: Central City Jobless Rates Have Fallen.

Unemployment Rates 1970 - 1998 for 77 Selected Cities and their Suburbs

  City Unemployment Rate

Suburb Unemployment Rate

City

1970

1980

1990

1992

1998

1970

1980

1990

1992

1998

Albuquerque

5.2%

6.3%

5.2%

4.8%

4.4%

5.3%

8.2%

5.9%

5.5%

4.8%

Anchorage****

6.2%

7.3%

5.1%

7.3%

4.3%

         
Atlanta

3.9%

8.0%

7.6%

10.0%

5.2%

2.6%

4.2%

4.7%

6.0%

3.1%

Austin

3.1%

3.8%

5.3%

4.8%

2.9%

2.7%

3.3%

4.1%

3.3%

2.1%

Baltimore

4.6%

10.7%

8.1%

11.0%

8.7%

2.5%

4.6%

4.0%

6.2%

4.0%

Billings

6.1%

6.6%

4.9%

5.5%

4.1%

5.0%

6.9%

5.3%

5.9%

5.2%

Birmingham

4.8%

8.7%

7.3%

8.4%

4.2%

3.7%

5.6%

4.0%

4.6%

2.3%

Boise City

3.7%

6.3%

3.9%

4.2%

3.1%

3.5%

7.2%

5.2%

5.3%

3.9%

Boston

4.3%

6.1%

5.7%

8.0%

3.3%

3.3%

4.2%

5.2%

7.4%

2.6%

Buffalo

6.0%

13.1%

8.6%

12.2%

8.7%

3.9%

8.0%

3.7%

5.5%

3.8%

Burlington

4.3%

6.0%

4.7%

5.2%

2.8%

3.6%

5.2%

4.1%

5.0%

2.2%

Charleston

3.9%

5.0%

6.5%

9.2%

4.8%

4.1%

7.4%

6.3%

8.7%

4.7%

Charlotte

3.0%

4.4%

3.0%

5.5%

2.5%

2.4%

4.0%

3.1%

5.1%

2.5%

Cheyenne

4.7%

4.8%

5.1%

4.2%

3.3%

3.6%

4.7%

5.3%

4.4%

4.3%

Chicago

4.4%

9.8%

8.4%

9.5%

5.6%

2.5%

4.8%

4.7%

6.2%

3.5%

Cincinnati

4.8%

8.7%

5.8%

8.0%

4.8%

3.3%

6.3%

3.7%

5.5%

3.0%

Cleveland

5.2%

11.0%

9.5%

13.7%

8.4%

2.7%

5.9%

3.9%

5.7%

3.2%

Columbia

2.4%

5.3%

4.9%

6.7%

2.9%

2.7%

4.6%

3.3%

4.2%

1.9%

Columbus

3.8%

6.4%

3.9%

5.4%

2.9%

3.2%

5.0%

3.3%

4.1%

2.2%

Dallas

3.1%

3.4%

6.2%

8.7%

4.2%

3.1%

2.6%

4.3%

5.7%

2.6%

Denver

4.0%

4.9%

5.5%

6.6%

3.4%

3.1%

3.7%

4.1%

4.9%

3.1%

Des Moines

3.0%

5.5%

4.1%

4.7%

2.6%

2.2%

3.8%

2.4%

2.7%

1.7%

Detroit

7.2%

18.5%

14.3%

17.0%

7.0%

4.7%

9.4%

5.9%

7.2%

2.7%

El Paso

4.8%

7.4%

11.2%

11.2%

9.6%

2.5%

5.7%

15.7%

15.7%

16.3%

Fargo

4.2%

6.0%

3.2%

3.5%

1.1%

5.3%

6.8%

4.3%

4.0%

2.8%

Fort Worth

3.7%

4.0%

6.9%

9.4%

4.4%

2.9%

2.8%

4.7%

6.0%

2.8%

Fresno

7.3%

7.8%

10.5%

14.1%

12.5%

8.3%

9.7%

12.6%

16.7%

15.2%

Hartford

4.5%

7.7%

9.2%

12.6%

7.5%

3.0%

3.7%

4.5%

7.4%

3.0%

Honolulu**

2.5%

4.0%

2.3%

3.0%

5.4%

         
Houston

3.1%

3.6%

6.1%

8.7%

5.0%

2.7%

2.9%

3.9%

5.5%

3.2%

Indianapolis

4.2%

7.0%

3.8%

5.9%

2.8%

3.3%

5.9%

3.2%

4.2%

2.0%

Jackson

3.4%

5.4%

6.2%

7.0%

4.2%

3.4%

5.1%

4.3%

4.5%

2.8%

Jacksonville

2.9%

5.4%

5.3%

7.0%

3.3%

3.2%

5.2%

4.6%

5.9%

2.4%

Kansas City, MO

3.8%

6.5%

6.0%

6.2%

4.4%

2.8%

4.5%

3.8%

3.8%

3.1%

Kansas City, KS***

3.7%

7.6%

9.0%

8.5%

7.3%

2.8%

4.5%

3.8%

3.8%

3.1%

Las Vegas

5.5%

6.6%

4.7%

6.6%

4.0%

4.5%

6.0%

4.8%

7.1%

4.2%

Little Rock

3.3%

5.0%

5.5%

5.8%

3.6%

3.2%

5.3%

5.6%

5.8%

4.0%

Los Angeles

6.9%

6.8%

6.7%

11.1%

7.3%

5.6%

5.5%

5.4%

8.9%

6.1%

Long Beach***

5.7%

5.7%

5.5%

9.1%

6.0%

5.6%

5.5%

5.4%

8.9%

6.1%

Louisville

4.5%

9.9%

5.9%

6.8%

4.0%

3.6%

7.1%

4.8%

5.0%

3.0%

Manchester

3.4%

5.2%

6.6%

8.5%

2.5%

3.2%

3.9%

4.8%

6.4%

2.6%

Memphis

4.6%

8.5%

5.4%

7.0%

4.6%

4.8%

5.2%

3.6%

4.4%

2.5%

Miami

4.3%

6.1%

11.2%

15.0%

9.6%

3.3%

4.5%

7.0%

9.4%

5.7%

Milwaukee

4.1%

6.9%

5.7%

6.2%

4.8%

2.8%

4.2%

3.3%

3.8%

2.4%

Minneapolis

3.8%

4.8%

4.5%

5.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.8%

4.1%

4.4%

1.9%

St. Paul***

3.6%

4.7%

4.7%

5.3%

2.5%

3.0%

3.8%

4.1%

4.4%

1.9%

Nashville-Davidson

3.3%

5.1%

3.7%

4.9%

2.6%

3.0%

5.8%

4.2%

5.0%

2.7%

New Orleans

5.7%

7.0%

6.4%

7.2%

5.5%

4.1%

4.7%

5.5%

6.7%

4.6%

New York

4.2%

7.7%

6.9%

11.0%

8.0%

2.6%

4.4%

3.4%

6.3%

3.9%

Newark

6.5%

13.3%

10.7%

16.6%

9.9%

3.0%

5.3%

4.3%

7.5%

3.8%

Virginia Beach

2.3%

4.3%

3.8%

5.3%

2.9%

2.9%

5.2%

4.0%

5.4%

2.0%

Oakland

7.6%

9.3%

6.4%

10.1%

6.5%

5.4%

5.8%

3.6%

5.8%

3.4%

Oklahoma City

3.3%

3.4%

5.9%

5.6%

3.6%

3.0%

3.1%

4.7%

4.4%

4.0%

Omaha

3.1%

5.2%

2.8%

3.9%

2.4%

2.0%

3.7%

1.9%

2.7%

2.7%

Santa Ana

6.0%

5.3%

6.4%

11.8%

5.2%

5.1%

3.9%

3.1%

5.9%

2.5%

Philadelphia

4.6%

11.4%

6.3%

8.9%

6.0%

2.8%

5.7%

4.2%

6.7%

3.6%

Phoenix

3.8%

5.5%

4.9%

7.2%

2.9%

4.5%

5.9%

4.8%

6.9%

3.1%

Pittsburgh

5.3%

9.2%

4.8%

6.8%

4.5%

4.1%

7.3%

5.1%

7.1%

4.6%

Portland, OR

3.8%

6.3%

4.3%

6.3%

2.8%

2.7%

5.3%

3.5%

5.1%

2.1%

Portland, ME

6.6%

6.9%

5.4%

7.7%

4.8%

5.8%

5.9%

3.9%

6.2%

3.9%

Providence

4.4%

9.2%

7.6%

9.9%

6.0%

3.5%

6.5%

6.5%

9.0%

4.5%

Sacramento

7.6%

10.3%

5.5%

9.9%

6.2%

6.7%

8.3%

4.0%

7.5%

4.4%

St. Louis

6.4%

11.1%

8.4%

8.3%

7.2%

4.1%

6.6%

5.4%

5.4%

3.7%

Salt Lake City

5.3%

5.6%

4.4%

5.3%

3.3%

4.2%

4.9%

3.6%

4.4%

3.5%

San Antonio

4.1%

5.2%

7.9%

7.0%

4.1%

2.2%

3.0%

4.9%

4.5%

2.7%

San Diego

5.2%

5.9%

4.8%

7.5%

3.7%

4.7%

6.2%

4.6%

7.2%

3.4%

San Francisco

6.2%

6.0%

3.8%

6.9%

3.6%

4.2%

3.6%

2.6%

5.1%

2.4%

San Jose

6.5%

5.3%

4.7%

8.1%

3.8%

5.0%

3.6%

3.1%

5.3%

2.5%

Seattle

8.2%

5.8%

4.1%

7.5%

3.5%

8.1%

5.6%

3.3%

6.0%

2.9%

Sioux Falls

4.3%

4.8%

2.9%

2.5%

1.6%

3.5%

4.2%

2.3%

2.0%

1.9%

Tampa

3.6%

5.5%

5.9%

8.8%

3.6%

3.7%

5.0%

4.6%

6.7%

2.8%

Toledo

4.3%

12.5%

9.6%

10.0%

6.5%

3.5%

8.5%

5.6%

6.1%

3.2%

Tucson

3.9%

6.4%

5.2%

6.1%

3.0%

3.4%

6.1%

3.9%

4.6%

2.4%

Tulsa

4.6%

3.3%

4.6%

5.5%

3.2%

4.8%

3.8%

4.5%

5.2%

3.7%

Washington

3.7%

6.6%

6.6%

8.6%

8.6%

2.1%

3.6%

2.7%

4.8%

2.6%

Wichita

7.1%

4.0%

4.8%

4.6%

3.4%

5.4%

2.9%

3.3%

3.5%

3.1%

Wilmington

5.6%

9.5%

6.6%

7.1%

4.9%

3.2%

5.6%

6.1%

6.1%

4.1%

Top 10

4.7%

7.8%

7.0%

10.0%

6.2%

3.8%

5.6%

4.8%

6.9%

3.8%

Top 50

4.7%

7.2%

6.3%

8.7%

5.4%

3.7%

5.2%

4.4%

6.2%

3.5%

All (329) MSAs*

4.6%

7.1%

6.3%

8.5%

5.1%

3.8%

5.6%

4.7%

6.6%

3.7%

*Metropolitan Statistical Areas

**Data for the Honolulu MSA. The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not provide data for the central city of Honolulu.

***Because Los Angeles and Long Beach are in the same MSA, Kansas City, KS and Kansas City, MO are in the same MSA, and Minneapolis and St. Paul are in the same MSA, these pairs of cities share the same suburb data.

****No suburb data are available for Anchorage because the central city and the metropolitan area are coterminous.

Source: 1970, 1980, and 1990 Decennial Census, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1998 Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. The 77 cities are the 50 largest cities as of 1994, plus 25 additional cities to include at least one city from each State, plus St. Paul, MN and Kansas City, KS. Because the Bureau of Labor Statistics periodically revises its statistics, slight differences may exist between these figures and those currently reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Return to Finding #1



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